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What to do When You Don't Have Gold Standard Images to Compare Your Processed Images How to Measure the Quality of Images When You Don't Have Gold Standard Images to Compare In the realm of image analysis and processing, quantifying image quality forms a crucial cornerstone of various methodologies. This is especially true when there's a lack of gold standard images or ground truth to set the benchmark. In such scenarios, we're often left asking: how can we measure image quality objectively or subjectively? Let's delve into this topic with an emphasis on establishing robust and reliable metrics for image quality analysis. Objective Measurement of Image Quality Without Ground Truth Objective quality metrics quantify the difference between two images based on numerical methods. But, how do we assess image quality objectivel

Excitement fills the air as Neuralink, a pioneering company, announces its receipt of FDA  approval to commence the groundbreaking first-in-human clinical study on May 28th, 2023 !  This milestone achievement is the fruit of the tireless efforts of  the Neuralink team, working in close collaboration with the FDA, and marks a significant stride towards a future where our technology can offer assistance to numerous individuals.  While the recruitment process for our clinical trial is yet to commence, we assure you that further details will be announced in due course, providing interested parties with comprehensive information.  For those unfamiliar with this extraordinary technology, here are several key points that shed light on the remarkable benefits of connecting the human brain with computers.  Definition of Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs):  Brain-computer interfaces, or BCIs, are innovative systems that establish a direct communication pathway between the human brain and computer

  Unlocking the Intricacies of Armed Conflicts: Exploring the Psychology of War with Advanced Language Models In the pursuit of comprehending the complex psychology behind war and conflicts, the pivotal role of data collection and analysis cannot be overstated. Organisations worldwide are devoted to gathering information on armed conflicts, with an emphasis on comprehending their impacts. Leading the charge is the Uppsala Conflict Data Program (UCDP), a prestigious initiative housed at Uppsala University in Sweden. The Uppsala Conflict Data Program (UCDP): Unveiling Insights into Organised Violence As the oldest ongoing data collection project for civil war, the UCDP has established itself as a preeminent authority on data pertaining to organised violence and armed conflicts. For nearly four decades, the UCDP has meticulously gathered data that is globally encompassing, systematically collected, comparable across cases and countries, and boasts extensive time series. Updated annually,

 Hello there!  So, I've been looking into the 2023 Las Anod conflict and wanted to share with you what I found. According to various media reports and sources, it seems like there's a root cause analysis we can do to better understand what happened. Oh, did you know that Las Anod has been under Somaliland's control since 2007? They actually kicked out the Puntland army from the regional capital with the help of local militia. Oh wow, it's been reported that the security situation in Somaliland has gotten worse. According to the Raad Peace Research Institute, around 120 important clan and community leaders have been assassinated in the city between 2007 and 2022. So in December 2022, there were a bunch of civil demonstrations and unrest happening in the Sool region. People were feeling like they were being left out of the political process in Somaliland, and that's what was driving all the commotion. Oh, did you hear about the pro

IIT Madras, a renowned educational institution, has taken a significant step towards integrating medical science and technology by introducing the Department of Medical Sciences and Technology. This initiative aims to explore the potential of advancements in medical science and technology, particularly in the context of the increasing reliance on Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the field. In a press release issued by IIT Madras , it was revealed that the department will adopt an interdisciplinary approach to prepare students for various domains within the field. The curriculum will focus on designing life-saving medical devices, drug discovery, the application of AI in medicine, and fundamental medical research. Furthermore, the department aims to train physicians to effectively utilize technology in their clinical practice and pave the way for physician-scientist training in India.                          The primary objective of this new initiative is to equip scientists and enginee

 In a positive sign of growing interest in the fields of Engineering, Pharmaceutical, and Agricultural Technology, a staggering number of students have registered for the Maharashtra state Common Entrance Test (CET) 2023 PCM group exam.  The exam, which will span from May 9 to 14, has attracted a total of 28,533 aspiring students. With a higher representation of male candidates and a significant overall applicant count, the state is witnessing a surge in enthusiasm for these disciplines.                                                                                                               The State Common Entrance Test Cell has organized the Maharashtra state CET 2023 PCM group exam at 177 exam centers across the state. Among the registered candidates, there is a gender ratio of approximately 1.82, indicating a higher proportion of male applicants compared to their female counterparts. This ratio highlights the need for increased female representation in these fields, as male

In a remarkable feat, three students hailing from Karnataka have secured a perfect 100 percentile in the Joint Entrance Examination (JEE) Mains 2023 . The results of the JEE Mains Engineering paper were announced recently by the National Testing Agency (NTA), revealing the outstanding achievements of these students. Among the 43 candidates who scored a perfect 100 percentile, Ridhi Kamlesh Kumar Maheshwari, a female candidate from Karnataka, emerged as the topper. The JEE Mains is a highly prestigious national-level entrance test conducted to facilitate admissions into various Engineering and Technology, Architecture, and Planning courses at renowned institutions such as NITs (National Institutes of Technology), IIITs (Indian Institutes of Information Technology), and other participating colleges. It also serves as a screening test for IIT (Indian Institutes of Technology) JEE aspirants across the country. It is important to note that the NTA has current

The ongoing armed conflict in Sudan, which erupted in 2023, is a complex interplay of political, ethnic, and economic tensions. The epicenters of this conflict are the capital city, Khartoum, and the Darfur region. The struggle for power and control over resources has fueled the conflict, leading to numerous casualties and widespread displacement of people. The scarcity of vital resources such as water, fertile agricultural land, oil, and minerals has significantly contributed to the conflict. The Nile River, a critical water source, has become a point of contention. The availability of fertile agricultural land has led to intensified competition as the population grows and climate changes. Sudan's significant oil reserves, especially in the South, and the control and distribution of oil revenues have been a source of tension. The Darfur region, rich in various minerals, including gold, has seen conflict over control of these resources. However, it's important to note that thes

 Keen observers of Pakistan's polity are speculating number of this things regarding the current on going state of affairs and the near future of the Pakistance politics. Here are few important educated guesses  and analysis given by them on current Pakistan internal conflicts .  In the heart of South Asia, Pakistan's political landscape is undergoing a seismic shift. Astute observers are piecing together a complex puzzle, predicting the trajectory of the nation's future. Here's an in-depth analysis of the current state of affairs. The Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaaf (PTI) party, once the apple of Rawalpindi GHQ's eye, is now teetering on the brink of a precipice. The party's leader, Imran Niazi, is under scrutiny for the chaos that unfolded on May 9, which could potentially lead to the party's banishment from the political arena. Amidst this political maelstrom, Pakistan's economy is taking a significant hit. The nation is grappling with a decline in foreign

Cow Dung Brick Formula 🐮 The Three Ingredient Cow Dung Brick Formula: Lime, Straw, and Gobar 🏠 Cow dung has been used as a traditional building material in India for centuries. They are an eco-friendly 🍃 and affordable 💰 alternative to conventional bricks, made from clay and cement. Cow dung is abundant in rural India, and its use in brick-making provides a sustainable and cost-effective solution to meet the building needs of rural communities. The addition of lime and straw to cow dung helps to improve the strength and durability of the bricks, making them suitable for various applications. In this article, we will explore the three-ingredient cow dung brick recipe, which includes lime, straw, and gobar, and how to tinker 🔧 with the recipe to arrive at the perfect mix. 🎯 The Three-Ingredient Cow Dung Brick Formula: The three-ingredient cow dung brick recipe includes cow dung, lime, and straw. Cow dung is used as the prima

 Many Indian scholars who embark on a PhD journey may face challenges such as navigating a complex system of fellowships, dealing with exploitation, and encountering a preference for foreign-trained individuals. This article explores the challenges faced by Indian academia and the reasons why some Indian scholars are opting to pursue their PhDs overseas.  In the world of academia, the pursuit of a PhD is often seen as the pinnacle of intellectual achievement. However, in India, this journey is fraught with challenges that go beyond the rigors of research. Stories of student exploitation by guides, irregular fellowships, and a preference for foreign-trained individuals over Indian PhDs are all too common. For some, a PhD is seen as a way to prolong their stay in the university campus when job prospects are bleak. However, this is a far cry from the West, where a PhD is a result-oriented program, decently funded, and offers better career opportunities in the private sector. The duration

Knowledge-Based Classification Algorithms Knowledge-Based Classification Algorithms Knowledge-based classification algorithms refer to a category of machine learning algorithms that employ pre-existing knowledge or rules to classify novel instances or data points. The algorithms in question are dependent on a knowledge base, which is a compilation of established patterns, rules, or associations among attributes, for the purpose of predicting outcomes or assigning class designations to unobserved data. In contrast to conventional classification algorithms that acquire patterns or rules directly from the training data, knowledge-based classification algorithms utilise pre-existing knowledge or domain expertise to steer the classification procedure. Pre-existing knowledge can be sourced from human experts or obtained from pre-existing resources such as databases, ontologies, or expe

Build a greener future with biochar and lime-infused cow dung bricks If you're looking for an eco-friendly and sustainable way to build, consider making cow dung bricks. Not only are they a low-cost alternative to traditional fired clay bricks, but they also use waste materials like cow dung and biochar. Biochar is a charcoal-like substance that is made by burning organic materials in the absence of oxygen. It is a byproduct of biomass pyrolysis, a process that turns plant waste into energy. Biochar is known for its high carbon content, which makes it an excellent soil amendment and a potential solution to reducing greenhouse gas emissions. To make cow dung bricks with biochar, you will need the following materials: 1)   Cow dung 2)   Biochar 3)   Lime or Chona  4)   Methi water (Water fermented with fenugreek seeds) Here's a step-by-step guide on how to make cow dung bricks using these materials: Mix the cow dung with biochar and lime in a 2:1:1 ratio. The lime acts as a natur